Endocrine

• Updates on SGLT2 inhibitors: what have we learned? 

• Feline acromegaly: it’s seeing you, even if you’re not seeing it

• Updates on insulin: what types are currently available and how to use them

• Canine hypoadrenocorticism: unmasking and treating the great pretender

• Canine hypothyroidism: diagnosis and treatment challenges

• Updates on medical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism and feline idiopathic hypercalcemia

Cardiac disease  

• Updates on the “The Big Three that You See” : Canine Mitral Valve Disease, Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Feline Cardiomyopathy.

• Heart murmurs – when are they helpful and when can they mislead ? 

• How can I use radiography, cardiac biomarkers and focused echocardiography in my patients ?

• This asymptomatic dog has a murmur. How should I approach this case and is it time to start treatment ? 

• Treatment considerations in canine mitral valve disease vs dilated cardiomyopathy. 

• What is the best approach for treating subclinical cardiomyopathy and CHF cats? 

• What are the preferred thromboprophylaxis treatments in feline cardiomyopathy patients ?

• What is the role of diet in subclinical heart disease and CHF ?

• When to initiate and how to dose pimobendan in dogs and cats.

• Appropriate use of angiotensin and aldosterone – ACE-inhibitors or Aldosterone antagonists in heart disease. 

• Loop diuretic therapy in CHF – furosemide of torsemide? 

• What role does spironolactone play in CHF patients?

• Use of Viagra (sildenafil) in canine heart disease. 

Chronic Kidney Disease 

• Has creatinine, SDMA, FGF-23, proteinuria, Cystatin B or AI become the preferred test for CKD? 

• Should quantitative urine protein values be routinely determined when annually screening geriatric patients?

• When should renal biopsy and/or SDS-Page be considered?

• Should immunosuppressive therapy be considered in CKD ?

• Is blood pressure determination really that important in renal patients? 

• Which antihypertensive treatment is preferred in CKD – amlodipine, ACE-Is or ARBs?  

• When should a therapeutic renal diet be started in CKD patients? 

• This dog/cat doesn’t like oral phosphorus binders. How important is this drug? 

• Is it just an “Ohio State thing” or are vitamin D, calcium and PTH important in CKD? 

• Appropriate use of erythropoeitin analogs in anemic CKD patients. 

• Appropriate use of fluid therapy and appetite stimulants in hyporexic CKD patients.